FUSC

Category: Amendments

  • Amendment XXXI

    Separation of Powers Enforcement

    Section 1. No President shall impound, rescind, defer, or otherwise refuse to spend funds appropriated by Congress except as expressly authorized by law passed by two-thirds of both Houses.

    Section 2. No executive order, proclamation, or directive shall supersede, nullify, or functionally repeal any law enacted by Congress. Any such order shall be subject to judicial review and shall be void if found to contravene an act of Congress.

    Section 3. The President shall not reorganize, abolish, or substantially reduce the workforce of any executive agency created by statute without prior authorization by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

    Section 4. Emergency powers invoked by the President shall expire after sixty days unless reauthorized by a majority vote of both Houses. No single national emergency declaration may remain in effect for more than one year in total without reauthorization.

    Section 5. Congress shall have standing in federal court to challenge any executive action alleged to violate this article or any other provision of this Constitution.

  • Amendment XXIX

    Direct Presidential Election Act

    Section 1. The President and Vice President shall be elected by the direct popular vote of qualified voters throughout the United States. The candidates receiving the greatest number of votes shall be elected, provided they receive no less than forty percent of the total votes cast.

    Section 2. If no candidates receive forty percent of the total votes, a runoff election shall be held within sixty days between the two candidates who received the highest number of votes in the general election.

    Section 3. The Twelfth Amendment, and all provisions of Article II establishing the Electoral College, are hereby repealed. Electors, the College of Electors, and all related offices are abolished.

    Section 4. Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation and shall establish uniform national standards for the administration of presidential elections.